- There are six Regional Meteorological Centres of the Indian Meteorological Department each under a Deputy Director General with headquarters at Mumbai, Chennai, New Delhi, Calcutta, Nagpur and Guwahati. Source: IMD Website.
- The country is said to have received deficient rainfall if the actual rainfall falls below 90 per cent of LPA. Similarly, the country is said to have received excess rainfall if the rainfall is greater than 110 per cent of LPA. It is deemed ‘normal’ when the actual rainfall received falls between 96 and 104 per cent of LPA. Source: The Hindu Business Line.
- LPA is the average rainfall received by the country as a whole during the south-west monsoon, for a 50-year period. The current LPA is 89 cm, based on the average rainfall over years 1951 and 2000. Source: The Hindu Business Line.
- The Quit India Movement, or the India August Movement, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee. Source: Wikipedia.
- The Self-Respect Movementwas a movement with the aim of achieving a society where backward castes have equal human rights and encouraging backward castes to have self-respect in the context of a caste based society that considered them to be a lower end of the hierarchy. The Self-Respect Movement was founded by S. Ramanathan in 1925. Sources: Wikipedia & Frontline.
- Ganga basin is the largest river basin in India in terms of catchment area, constituting 26% of the country’s land mass (8,61,404 Sq. km) and supporting about 46% of its population. It touches 118 towns and 1657 Gram Panchayats across 66 districts of 5 states of India. The basin of the river extends over India, Tibet, Nepal and Bangladesh of which about 79% area of Ganga basin is in India. The basin covers 10 states viz., Uttarakhand, U.P., M.P., Rajasthan, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal and National Capital Territory of Delhi. The five major states on the main stem of river Ganga are Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar and West Bengal. Sources: PIB and National Mission for Clean Ganga. In News: Nearly all Ganga Water in UP-Bengal stretch unfit for drinking, bathing – Livemint.
- National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG)was registered as a society on 12th August 2011 under the Societies Registration Act 1860.It acted as implementation arm of National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) which was constituted under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act (EPA),1986. NGRBA has since been dissolved with effect from the 7th October 2016, consequent to constitution of National Council for Rejuvenation, Protection and Management of River Ganga (referred as National Ganga Council) under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. Source: National Mission for Clean Ganga. In News: Nearly all Ganga Water in UP-Bengal stretch unfit for drinking, bathing – Livemint.
- National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) was constituted under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act (EPA),1986. NGRBA has since been dissolved with effect from the 7th October 2016, consequent to constitution of National Council for Rejuvenation, Protection and Management of River Ganga (referred as National Ganga Council) under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. National Ganga Council is under the chairmanship of Hon’ble Prime Minister of India. Namami Gange Programme’, is an Integrated Conservation Mission, approved as ‘Flagship Programme’ by the Union Government in June 2014 with budget outlay of 20,000 Crore to accomplish the twin objectives of effective abatement of pollution, conservation and rejuvenation of National River Ganga. The ‘National Ganga River Basin Project’ is a ‘World Bank’ assisted project. Sources: National Mission for Clean Ganga, National Mission for Clean Ganga & The World Bank. Also read: The World Bank. In News: Nearly all Ganga Water in UP-Bengal stretch unfit for drinking, bathing – Livemint.
- To conserve the ecological integrity of the Ganga River, and, reduce the direct dependency of the local communities on the river, the National Mission for Clean Ganga-Wildlife Institute of India (NMCG-WII) project ‘Biodiversity Conservation and Ganga Rejuvenation’ is involving members of the local community in the five Ganga states (Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal) as guardians of the river who will henceforth be known as Ganga Praharis. Read more at NMCG-WII. In News: Nearly all Ganga Water in UP-Bengal stretch unfit for drinking, bathing – Livemint.
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